Jury System in India - 1861 Words

Jury system And Its relevance in India. ------------------------------------------------- Abstract ------------------------------------------------- This research article attempts to explain what exactly is jury system and the objective behind having jury trials. Also, we talk about its relevance in India and Indian judiciary. Tracing right from the period after independence when jury system prevailed in India, later when it was abolished and the present times where it is nowhere to be seen in our judiciary system, I have tried to gauge its suitability and feasibility in India and find whether the decision of abolition of jury system really a right decision or should we have jury system back incorporated in our judicial system like†¦show more content†¦It is true that in the earliest time known to us justice was administered to by arbitrators known as Panches or Panchayats chosen from the particular caste, tribe, trade or locality to which the parties belonged ; but there is little in that system analogous to English trial by Judge and Jury in criminal cases, and no attempt has been made yet to introduce into Indian Trai l by Jury in civil cases.The Trial by Jury of capital crimes committed by the Company’s servants was enacted by an Ordinance of James I dated 1623/4, and jury trial became the rule for criminal trials on the original side by the Supreme Court in Calcutta. This system passed on naturally to the Chartered High Courts, but this involved so small a part of the volume of criminal cases as to be negligible, except in so far as it provided an exemplar for the establishment of juries in the Ordinary Courts of Sessions.The first case decided by an English jury in India happened in Madras (today Chennai) in 1665. It is described by Professor M. P. Jain in his Constitutional history. †¢ One Mrs Ascentia Dawes (probably a British woman) was charged by a grand jury with the murder of her slave girl. Then a petty jury, with six Englishmen and six Portuguese, found her guilty â€Å"but not in manner and form†. The Governor asked the jury for a second clearer verdict†¦ and M rs Dawes was acquitted. †¢ This first case is almost the summary of a rather sadShow MoreRelatedA Case For Jury Trials1259 Words   |  6 Pages A case for Jury Trials in India By: Scott A. McMillan, Ravishankar K. 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After the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the passage of the 2001 Patriot Act in the United States and similarRead MoreThe Policy Of Genetically Modified Crops1401 Words   |  6 Pagescrop s in India, regarding the approach towards the development of economy, the technological impact on the nation and also the relationships between farming and business communities. The supporting parties of Biotechnology in agriculture argue that the genetically modified crops could be the solution to most of the existing problems in the country’s agriculture; opposing parties argue that it could have negative impact on the environment and livelihood of farmers. The policy changes in India on theRead MoreLearning From American And Mexican Experiences2039 Words   |  9 Pagesexperiences: A case for Jury Trials in India By: Scott A. McMillan, Ravishankar K. 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Although India obtained substantialRead MoreAchyut Kanvinde1389 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues so that they can experience and sharpen their senses through observation and practice† - Kanvinde ACHYUT KANVINDE Father of Modern Indian Architecture Achyut Kanvinde | Born: 1916 Died: 2003 Gender: Male Country of Origin: India Biography: He entered the Architecture Department at Sir J.J. School of Art in 1935 then headed by Claude Batley, who was also the premier architect of the country. He passed out in 1941. 1943, he joined the newly formed Council for ScientificRead MoreComparing a Aboriginal and Australian Justice Systems1304 Words   |  6 PagesInterrelationship : Aboriginal Australian justice system : The recognition of aboriginal customary laws under the Australian Criminal justice system is just confined to acknowledgement of just the traditional physical punishments at the stage of sentencing. It all depends upon the interpretation and readings of individuals who play a role in the Criminal justice system in the capacity of judicial officers, officers of the court, lawyers and police officers etc. (Aboriginal Law criminal justiceRead MoreThe Jury System Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesWei Mao ( Edward ) What is the jury system ? 1,http://www.articlesbase.com/politics-articles/englands-trial-by-jury-from-9th-century-2670940.html 2,http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/acilian_law.asp 3,http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/pubotbin/toccer-new?id=fed0014.sgmlimages=data=/usr/ottag=fedpart=9division=div1 4,https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript#toc-section-2- 5,https://www.law.cornell.edu/anncon/html/amdt7frag1_user.html 6,chrome-extension://ikhdkkncnoglghljlkmcimlnlhkeamad/pdf-viewer/web/viewerRead MoreThe New Hashtag1253 Words   |  6 Pages #FuckYourBreath and #DyingWhileBlack are the hashtags that spread across the internet shortly after the grand jury cleared the man who killed Eric Garner with a chokehold. â€Å"Only country where men and women are put on trials for their own murders† tweets India Renae with the hashtag #DyingWhileBlack. Quickly, a new hashtag began to trend nationally. #CrimingWhileWhite filled the captions on twitter and instagram accounts. Stories from not-so-law abiding citizens were called to share the storiesRead MoreEssay about The Power of Leadership in 12 Angry Men1477 Words   |  6 PagesTwelve Angry Men, we see a situation where Juror Eight – equipped with all the autonomy and wisdom of an ideal leader – appeals to logos in an attempt to promote the consideration of an idea, which he has planted in the minds of an otherwise unanimous jury; this idea being the mere possibility of innocence in the conviction of a boy charged with patricide. Ideally, leaders will poss ess an ability to transcend the allure of groupthink so prevalent in collective decision-making. However, when not coupled

Analysis Of The Documentary 13th, By Ava Duvernay

The documentary â€Å"13th†, directed and written by Ava DuVernay and released as a Netflix Original in 2016 is about the history of racism and inequality across America, corresponding with the mass incarceration of African-Americans in modern prison. The title represents the 13th amendment of the United States Constitution stating the abolishment of slavery. The target audience of this movie is the federal system, black communities, and the modern society. This movie seems to coincide with the Black Lives Matter movement that stormed the country in 2015 after the death of black males at the hands of police officers. Mass incarceration across the United States makes up a Majority of the movie. DuVernay bases the movie of the narrative that†¦show more content†¦In 1994 there was 15,000,000 incarcerations, in 2002 there were 13,500,000, and by 2012 there were only 12,000,000 incarcerations. The notion of a historic boom in incarceration after the 1994 crime bill was pas sed is completely false. This fact takes away the movies narrative of social injustice and the massive incarceration that is taking over our modern society today. This section of the movie then goes on to claim that black people are targeted for the consumption and dealing of drugs in the 90’s. However, the Bureau of Justice Statistics states that 50% of drug incarcerations were white people and 49% was black and the 1% was other races. If black people were targeted in this time era so heavily, why were there more white people in jail for drugs compared to African-Americans? At this same time SAMHSA did a survey in prison asking inmates whether they are in prison for selling drugs or consumption. 82% of the people were white and 16% was black. The percent of African-American drug users was 13% and the incarceration rate was 13%, at this time 60% of blacks lived in intercity metropolitan areas were the majority of arrests were made. This shows that it isn’t the polices fault for making these arrest, but the people in the intercity who involved themselves in using drugs knowing well that there was a higher chance of being arrested due to higher police force in areas that require it. The next fact I saw that raised many questions that tie to my information above is

Operation Management Plan of AtekPC-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the "The AtekPC Project Management Office". Answer: Introduction The report consists of the analysis of the Operation Management Program that was planned to be launched by the AtekPC. The major objective of the essay is to analyze the causes of the problem and put forward an effective recommendation for the same. The company had some vision and goals in the mind before launching this. The mission of the company has been evaluated briefly in the report and the process of dealing the problems and the way of erasing the problems are dealt and included in the report. The problems The PC industry was witnessing terrible change. The CEO of the AteckPC Company was thinking of bringing a change in the process. He thought of launching a PMO that is Project Management Office to make the projects faster and convenient for all. The company was suffering from remarkable pressure on one hand and on the other hand the competitors were increasing in the market. The company had to face a larger amount of competition in the market. In order to compete with the changing industry the company thought of implementing a corporate planning office. In order to make this plan turn into action they selected an ideal PMO model for their company. This was designed within IT. The company at present is facing various challenges in the development and the deployment of a project management office within the company. The biggest challenges and obstacles in implementing the PMO was the formal documentation and plans for PMO did not exist. The planning of the strategy was not done in an or ganized manner and there was lack of planning. There was a massive shortage of the resource planning and PMO expert resources. There was a serious problem between the PMO-Heavy model and PMO-Light model. These were the main obstacles of the program (Crawford 2014). Assessment of the situation The changes that were brought in the environment of the business brought the emergence of introducing a PMO within the company. On one hand it is the central point for improvement and the enhancement in the project management which is possible through the implementation of the functions which is enterprise-oriented. The enterprise-oriented functions aim at strengthening the overall capability of the organization. It is intended towards long-term benefits. The mission of the company is established and maintained by meeting the need of fulfilling a historical database and by developing the best practices of project management. It includes providing the training for the value of project management to the organization. The company must make decision in the areas of cost reduction. This further ensures then chance of getting a better project which would imply towards getting better creative and adaptive process of launching new products (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The alternatives The project management should never be a departmental strategy. It should be an organizational strategy. It definitely must exist within the Information Technology organization and it must ensure providing the project support for all the enterprise. The duties of PMO are divided into two main categories that are project-oriented and enterprise oriented. The project-oriented include the works like consulting, training, the concern of the success of the individual progress and mentoring. Apart from this the enterprise-oriented things include the improvement of the portfolio management, PM standards, tools and methods of the same. The alternatives can be divided into two parts: PMO heavy model and PMO light model (Schwalbe 2015). PMO heavy model The PMO heavy model will include the chance for the organization to have full staff of project managers who would willingly and in an expert manner tackle the IT projects. it further include the hiring of the project managers in order to manage all the work from internal and external sources. It has been found that there aren`t enough manpower to move fast. The company intends to increase the pace and make fast movement to survive in the competitive market. The resistance of the employees has decreased due to the culture and issue of governance (Larson and Gray 2013). PMO-light model In case of PMO-light model there are smaller amount of staffs are less comparatively who are experts in working through the internal project managers in order to perform the responsibilities of the PMO. While the business resources are available it is becoming a threat for the AtekPC. With the help of the PMO light they are lined up in a better manner in terms of the resource numbers and the better balance of the resources. In the extreme situation the PMO-light has all the projects that are being operated outside the PMO under an existing organizational controls and it includes the ownership of the projects that is resided within the functional area and IT group charged with the execution of the project (Hill 2013). Recommendations The barriers and the loopholes of the organization can be eradicated through the implication of certain strategies. The first and foremost improvement that has to be done is the realization of the management that since it is something new in this industry it is not possible to get acceptance immediately. It will take some time for the users to accept the new policy. There is need for PMO to improve itself in order to earn the resources that they claimed. There is an immediate need of building a strong support for the heavy PMO approach (Spalek 2013). The objective and mission of PMO needs to be understood more clearly. It should be understood that the objective of implementing the PMO is to deliver the successful IT projects and understand the maturity of the project management at the organizational level. The company must also understand the problem of cost. It is a costly process and such a risk should be taken only when the investors are confident about the system. The cost of the program is huge and it should be made successful by applying proper cost strategy keeping in mind the revenue of the company (Wood, Chileshe and Shelbourn 2016). The success of the projects completely relies on the factors that are being implemented and the integration of the customers, the software vendors, manager of the scope of the project and the implementer. The benefit of the project should be analyzed from before-hand and they should be properly planned and well-controlled. They should be monitored by applying an effective process (Too and Weaver 2014.). The planning can be effective if all the projects can be managed through the process of PMO. It will be systematic and will head towards unique system service. Certain metrics should be introduced that can measure the expectation of the stakeholder from the PMO performance and it can be related to the vision and mission of AtekPC (Bredillet, Tywoniak and Tootoonchy 2017). Conclusion While concluding, this can be stated that It has made a remarkable improvement in the programming field and all the PC company must seek the help of the project management office to establish itself in this sector and make a remarkable position in the market. The cost budget function requires and allocation method for the funding method. However from the analysis of the above aspects this can fairly be stated that the long-term benefits of the implementation of the PMO should be factored in order to estimate the future value that can be added to the organization. The change in the PC industry can be introduced only through the PMO. It should be emergent program within the IT that can bring success in the IT field. References Bredillet, C., Tywoniak, S. and Tootoonchy, M., 2017. Exploring the dynamics of project management office and portfolio management co-evolution: A routine lens.International Journal of Project Management. Crawford, J.K., 2014.Project management maturity model. CRC Press. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Hill, G.M., 2013.The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), pp.31-42. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Spalek, S., 2013. Improving industrial engineering performance through a successful project management office. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Wood, A., Chileshe, N. and Shelbourn, M., 2016. The project management office: Issues in deployment of PMOs in Australia.

Twelth Night Production of Act 2 Scene 5 Essay Example For Students

Twelth Night Production of Act 2 Scene 5 Essay If I had been asked to produce Act 2 Scene 5. I would use light, sound and scenery. This is essay is to show how I would set it out. The scenery will show where each character is standing in the play. The play is set in the 1600s. The scenery will be in the gardens of Olivias house and will be set in the daytime. When Malvolio picks up the love letter birds will start flying around his head and around the tree where the Knights are to show the audience that somebody is watching Malvolio. We will write a custom essay on Twelth Night Production of Act 2 Scene 5 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Characters costumes will show what standing they have in the scene. The Knights and will be wearing grand clothes to show that they are Sirs but Fabian will be wearing less spectacular clothes. Malovolio will be wearing boring unimaginative clothes showing he is dull and a puritan. The lighting of the scene will be varied according to which character the light would be on. This is to give the audience an idea who is the main character in the act and what they see around them. In Act 2 Scene 5 I would have a brighter light shining on Malvolio. Also on the three knights Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Fabian I would shine a bright light on the tree but a darker light on the Knights themselves. This would therefore give the effect of Malvolio being the main character. The light shining on the tree and darker on the Knights gives the impression that they are hiding in the trees shade and that Malvolio can only see the tree. It also tells us that it is daytime. The sound effects will reflect what at that moment in time is going on in the play. The music will also show what sort of scene the production is showing. In Act 2 Scene 5 the sound effects will be birds singing to show how Malvolio is feeling when he is getting to understand what the letter is about. When the Knights are laughing the sound effects will be mischievous. The birds singing shows that Malvolio is in the garden and in a joyful mood. The music in the scene will show what each character is feeling at the moment in time. In Act 2 Scene 5 I would have 1600 love music in the background, which speeds up when Malvolio starts to think Olivia loves him. The music will be jolly when the focus is on the Knights. This shows the different interpretations the characters get from hearing the letter. The Jolly music show the Knights are having a good time. The facial expressions of the characters will show what the person is feeling at the time in his thoughts to put more emphasis on what there emotions are experiencing at the time. Malvolio when he first picks up the letter will be concerned with what it inside the letter which soon seems to a puzzled look as he is trying to figure out what the letter means and then to joy when he thinks that Olivia loves him. The Knights will be hoping that the plan works with a worried but excited look on their faces which soon turns to smiles when thay realise that the plans has worked better that originally planned. The characters movements will show what they are feeling and if they want to keep a low profile or want the world to know of their happiness. Malvolio when he realises the letter is for him will jump for joy while the knights who are hiding for cover will make quiet and stealthy movements to show that they are hiding form him. .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 , .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .postImageUrl , .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 , .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76:hover , .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76:visited , .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76:active { border:0!important; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76:active , .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76 .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue59532e10ac16e5c1277cb876cb85a76:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Violation Of Human Rights Vs. The Book Night EssayOverall my production will be full of life and atmosphere so that the audience stay interested in what is going on in the scene.

buy custom Perfect Research Paper essay

buy custom Perfect Research Paper essay A good understanding of the research work is achieved by applying good research methods so that one can come up with a good paper. At the same time, one will be able to critically evaluate the existing research and data. This will allow putting an evidenced-based research into practice. One also gets equipped with the best tools to use and analyze qualitative and quantitative methods which are key points in research. With the help of these skills, one will be able to solve many problems in research, especially when it comes to processing information, applying basic research methods, and being able to improve personal learning performance in time management. This is the key line that will encourage one to become more professional and ethical in their practice. In this context, we are going to analyze the research article Buy your home and feel in control. Does home ownership achieve the empowerment of former tenants of social housing? Summary of the article This paper puts forward the idea that encouraging the ownership of homes can play an important role in the housing policy in many countries. This happens due to the fact that the policy will be expected to produce some positive effects on an individual and society and, finally, an overall beneficial effect on the whole country. The paper will focus on the Netherlands and looks at the effect of home ownership on former tenants of social rented houses. The core point that is being considered in this paper is whether housing ownership increases ones sense of freedom and security, sense of control over ones life, and an individuals self-esteem. When the facts presented here will be analyzed. In case they are considered to produce positive results, it can be concluded that housing can be used to empower people. This idea is not new and it has already been practiced by the Dutch, since in the Netherlands, houses are sold in order to empower citizens with the freedom of choice. In a survey of telephone results conducted in Holland, it has been indicated that 535 people have decided to buy their social rented dwellings and other 602 participants have never wanted to buy their own homes. Finding out the difference between the two groups of people with regard to empowerment was the next question. This was viewed by the scale of perceived control over their lives, their self-esteem, and the housing empowerment-related feeling that could be expressed by the respondents who were former tenants in both groups. It has been established that the home owners got a higher score in the category of control over their life than the tenants. They also scored very highly in the category of the housing-related empowerment. On the other hand, they scored low on the scale of self- esteem. These factors were the key parameters among other attributes that could have been researched. The basis for this research is that in different countries, there are wide varieties of policies that make citizens work to their disadvantage. This research will, therefore, be able to point out the advantages of having a citizen-friendly policy that will encourage people to own homes, thus, becoming more secure and feeling empowered. Apart from this, people will also be empowered by the policies that promote education, self-sufficiency, welfare, employments, and, finally, housing. All these will enable people to gain control over their lives and make them more self-sufficient. This is defined as empowerment. Buying homes is associated with empowerment in this article. Empowered people take responsibility for their life and neighborhood and become better citizens. Empowered individuals will be able to participate in the development of society which will grow and finally lead to the development of the nation. They are democratic and also patriotic. They are self-confident, self-sufficient, and law-abiding, and they feel secure in the social and political environments in which they live. There are quite a number of positive reasons that are mentioned in the paper about the benefits of empowerment. According to this paper, the research involved collection of data which were retrieved from phone calls. The research was organized so that both buyers and tenants could ask questions and get answers from questionnaires, which were then interpreted to get more detail. Buyers and tenants have appeared to be the same in many aspects. However, individual groups were asked some specific questions concerning differe nt issues. For buyers, these questions included their choice of the mortgage, while the tenants questions included reasons for not buying homes that justified their decision, as well as the delimitations and opportunities they had put into consideration. The researchers devised a way in which they could determine the psychometric scale of the decisions undertaken by the respondents. The respondents had to choose from five options according to their mindset, which ranged from completely agreeing to completely disagreeing on every option. This technique is referred to as the Likert scale, which is mainly used in the social psychological research. What is more, these articles include a comprehensive discussion of the data which indicate that the research is well-organized and accurately carried out. It provides an explanation of the variation and correlation that exist between the empowerment scale for both the buyers and the tenants. All these values were determined at a confidence interval of 95% or p 0.005 for both the buyers and the tenants. Also, the data were analyzed through a multivariate analysis, which considered the effect of the scale of empowerment when everything else was kept constant. In conclusion, this article seeks to underline the fact that buying a home is a factor of empowerment for the tenants. This was based on the scales of empowerment, freedom, security and privacy, perceived control of life, and, finally, self- esteem. There was a general conclusion that the buyers became more empowered than the tenants. There exist some differences between the tenants and the buyers in the housing tenure system. Ho wever, both the tenants and the buyers feel safety and security. They also feel that their privacy will not be infringed. For the tenants, the feeling of privacy is already guaranteed by the rent agreement which gives them the right to do what they want without fear of disturbance. The second conclusion was drawn that home ownership is not in any way associated with the control over their life, which is mainly influenced by education, income, ethnicity, and peoples childhood experience. On the contrary, the major factor is a persons social class. The feeling of control is strongly associated with the feeling of empowerment. The home owners also scored very ow when it came to the self-esteem scale. This seemed a contradiction with other research, which showed the same or higher scores when it came to self-esteem. This was a short-term analysis which showed positive results. However, if a long-term effect is needed, more advanced parameters will be necessary to take effect in finding out the influence of home ownership during a long period of time. Criticism of the methodology The methodology applied here involved the use of data that had already been presented. This is ethical in research because in any problem identification, it is always good to look for research that has already been done somewhere else in order to justify and fill the gaps, which may have never been done. Some of this research may have already been done and doing the same is never the best thing in research (Hek Moule 2001, p.53). This research is also targeted at the right group of people. The former tenants would have had a good opportunity to buy homes, but they must have had one reason or another never to buy homes. Whatever response they provided, it was aptly an honest response. This paper also tries to compare three groups which included 286 respondents, who were buyers that bought their rented homes at the market price. It also considered 249 buyers that had bought their homes in a social ownership. Finally, 602 tenants who had turned down the offer to acquire homes. The rese arch that was carried out was also compared to a Dutch research that had been already done, and, hence, it prevented the bias of using the data that had only been collected by the research group. The interview over the phone was a random sample of available addressees. Some of them could be accessed, while others could not be accessed for one reason or another, which was all considered. This ensured the accuracy of the data collected and the privacy of the people who participated in the research. Ethically, the information provided by the respondents is always supposed to be private (Becker and Bryman 2004, p.64). The data collected were also interpreted with the help of a computer assisted telephonic interviewing (CATI). This enabled the researchers to adapt the order of the questions and answers that were provided by the respondents. They recorded a total of 535 buyers that accounted for 40.6%, and 602 tenants accounting for 41.5%. The questionnaire was also unified so that they w ere able to analyze the responses of all the participants in different groups, and, hence, raise the precision of the answers. The questionnaire that was used was also very efficiently designed so that the researchers were able to collect all the required information from a single interview. It must be noted here that the interviews were conducted twice, which was done to reconfirm the questions that they had discussed, as well as to determine if there were any changes in the decision about the housing policy. This is the best way, as it enables the researchers to be very precise in their analysis; moreover, they were able to come to the right conclusions and give recommendations, which could be done with the help of the survey that had been conducted. The data were then subjected to a univariate analysis, after which the researchers used a multivariate analysis for the same data. Statistical tools were then used in the identification of the variance, correlation, and the regression analysis at 95% confidence interval. This findings were very well-analyzed, which made it possible for us to interpret the collected data. The data indicated that there is no correlation between the housing related empowerment and the feeling of control. On the other hand, the housing related empowerment was connected very significantly but slightly with self-esteem. The buyers had a score of 0.177, while the tenants had a score of 0.113. This finding made it also possible for researchers to establish that people who have a more positive personal image are more likely to feel more control of their way of life, and they seem to be more in charge of their way of living. This was a higher score for the buyers than it was for the tenants. The analysis of other factors that also influence this was taken into consideration as well. These other factors include social factors. These attributes reveal the differences between the buyers and the tenants in many ways. The research data method was used and quite a large number of relevant factors were taken into consideration. This allowed the researcher to answer all the questions and be able to explain the differences between various factors in the paper. A good research method should always be helpful in addressing all aspects of the questions that need to be answered. This is because any research is always a complex process. The main objective of any research is to analyze a problem and find the best solution to it. For this to take place, various data must be collected and they as well must be very well interpreted in their right way in order to answer the research questions within the data. This paper was able to identify the answer to the research question, which associates with empowerment the home owners rather than the tenants. This paper also analyzed some data on the linear regression model, which made it possible for the researchers to find out the degree of empowerment as related to the three empowerment scales and including other various factors. This was the predictor of empowerment. The interpretation of the regression values is one of the most important points in these data. Above all, this paper was in all aspects very comprehensive and precise in the description of the research paper and in answering the research questions. In summary, this research method allowed explaining the following factors. The materials and the methods with the help of which the data were collected have been presented in a more synchronized manner and in a way that makes it clear to follow on the research paper (Bell 1993, p.72). The study design has been also mentioned, and it involved the use of telephone interviews, which enabled the researchers to ask questions and collect their responses to various questions that the respondents were asked. The study design is not a new method and it has been used elsewhere in collecting information along with the same line as being described in this paper. This, therefore, tries to justify the usefulness of this research method for the purpose of this research paper. In its results, it is possible to list the parameters that are essential in answering all research questions. This makes the research questions understandable and precise while retrieving important information that is required in understanding this research paper. This paper is also multi-dimensional in its approach, as it made it possible to identify the research that has been already done. Then it provided a report on its findings, which it compares with the present findings in this paper. It is also possible to carry out this research within a given timeline. The data were collected two times in order to avoid erroneous data collection, as well as to assert the responses provided by the researcher of this paper. This paper goes on to identify the statistical tools to which the data were subjected in order to give meaning to the data that have been collected by the researcher. It must be also mentioned that this paper did not only cite very relevant sources of information as it was required for this paper, but it also explained the content of the sources, making them applicable to this paper. This is what makes a good research paper. The message in the data has been explained in a simple language that can be understood. This is the aim of the research to make it clear for the people who read it so that they will be able to interpret their findings and information (Denscombe 2002, p.114). The researcher has also tried to explain the model of application in this research paper, which makes it relevant. The researcher has also tried to compare the model to other places. However, I must note that the use of the telephony communication was not the best option. The researchers could also use the computer assisted telephony machine that could record the responses of the tenants and the buyers because people in most cases speak differently and will also be able to provide their answers in writing. Due to this fact, the researchers could use the telephone and also provide the respondents with questionnaires so that they could give their answers in writing. After that, the written information could be compared with what they provided during the telephone communication. Also, with regard to the recorded responses, the interpreters of the answers may have understood them differently, which could be checked by asking different people to interpret the same words. There is no doubt that the people may provide opposite interpretations of the same notions. Above all, there was a well-structured discussion of the methodology. However, in no context have I been able to get to know what hypothesis they were testing in this paper. Though being not well highlighted within the structure of the article, one can understand that they are getting the background of the paper, the significance of the study, and the problem statement or description from the introduction (Coghlan Brannick 2001, p.213). There is justification of the study, which was illustrated as the research questions in the paper. Also, the hypothesis is not mentioned anywhere in the paper. Research findings The researchers came up with several points which can be found in the results section of the paper, which is always the rule (Black 1993, p.57). The paper shows that there was no correlation between the housing related empowerment and the feeling of control. The housing related empowerment is connected very significantly though slightly with the feeling of self-esteem. The buyers had a score of =0.177, while the tenants had a score of =0.113. This finding also allowed to establish that people who have a more positive personal image have higher chances of feeling more control of their way of life. Also, they appear to be more in charge of their way of living. This score was higher for the buyers than it was for the tenants. The analysis of other factors that influence this was also put into consideration. These other factors included social factors. What is more, the perceived control was not in any way found to be related to the purchase of a home. Moreover, becoming a home owner was negatively correlated with self-esteem, while all other factors were kept constant. Also, the buying of a home has never been indicated to raise the perceived control of individuals over the lives. However, those who believed they had control over their lives were very likely to buy and own a home for themselves. In addition, the home buyers had lower self-esteem in comparison to the tenants, even when other social and economic factors were also considered. This was a contradiction with the previous research done in other regions, which showed the same or higher results. This paper recommends that the data obtained can only be used for short-term considerations. However, in order to observe some long-term relationships between empowerment and ownership, longitudinal research needs to be conducted so that one can make necessary findings. The paper recommends that the findings in this paper should not be taken into consideration from the perspective of discarding the sale policies. However, the aim of the paper is to provide a good reasoning to empower the tenants in a broad sense so that they can consider buying homes by building up equity and freedom of choice which are very realistic goals for people. These attributes reveal the differences between the buyers and the tenants in many ways. Above all, according to the findings of this paper, the answer is positive, meaning that home ownership empowers people. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper addresses all the scientific tools that are necessary to make this research paper be termed a good research paper. The only problem is the research title which is very long and formulated as a question. A good research title in most cases is supposed to have few words, and it also makes it easy for people to understand the content of the paper. Undoubtedly, the title must catch the readers attention. This paper has tried to answer all the research questions that it was addressing through the study research design that has been used. The introduction was perfectly presented, except for the missing hypothesis of the paper. The data and the methods were also very well illustrated and this was the basis for answering the entire question that was discussed in the paper. The literature review section was very well presented and excellently cited with good sources that contributed to the good content of the paper and were of great interest. Quite a large number of sources show that the research was actually done and provided comparisons at some points that were really illustrative. The discussion was also well presented in this paper. Moreover, answers to all the research questions were given in the paper. There was an explanation of why they were the way they were and why they were somehow different from the previous research that had already been done. There are recommendations and finally the conclusion of the paper. Above all, the references have been all presented as required and quite a large number of sources have been used. In my opinion, this is a perfect research paper that is written very well. Buy custom Perfect Research Paper essay

ACT Math Tutor

What Makes for An Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’d think that finding a good SAT/ACT Math tutor should be simple – just get someone who is really good at math to tutor you. Unfortunately, just because someone is good at math doesn’t make her the most effective tutor, particularly when it comes to the SAT or ACT. For instance, while I'm better at SAT/ACT Reading (compared to SAT/ACT Math), I'm actually a better math tutor, because I don’t always â€Å"get it" right away – I have to try out different ways to teach myself the material before I grasp it fully. Read on for more specifics on what makes the most effective SAT/ACT Math tutor. And if you want specific advice on SAT/ACT Reading tutoring as well, don't worry– we have an article about what to look for in an SAT/ACT Reading tutor here. feature image credit: Math, Math, Math, math, mathh....maaah..... by Aaron Escobar, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutors Are High Scorers Effective SAT/ACT math tutors must have scored in the 99th percentile on the test. At PrepScholar, we take it one step further: not only do we exclusively hire 99th percentile scorers, but many of these tutors were perfect scorers on the sections that they tutor. Why is this important? Because in order to be able to customize teaching, a tutor must have mastered the material. This doesn’t just mean knowing the content (probability, plane geometry, etc.). Tutors need to understand HOW the SAT/ACT questions you on math. The medium to hard questions in particular are not things you would have learned in school – it’s as much about interpreting the questions as it is solving the problems. Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutors Can Pinpoint Your Weaknesses The best math tutor needs to understand WHERE students are making mistakes in the questions. When all is said and done, a particularly challenging math question can test half a dozen or more skills. Take this sample problem: There are many complicated steps you have to take to solve this problem. Understand the problem: what’s this weird question even asking for? What information does the problem give you to solve the question? How do you use this information to solve the question? How does the angle of a polygon relate to the number of sides? How many degrees are in a quadrilateral? What does this mean about the degree measure of the other two sides? What does this mean about how many sides the polygon has? A student who misses the question could be tripped up by any one of these steps. How should a tutor address this? A mediocre tutor will just make sure the student understands how to get the answer to this particular question and move on. Why is this bad? It’s inefficient – it’s highly unlikely this particular question will show up on the SAT/ACT, and so the assistance given is not generalizable. Furthermore, it doesn't identify the student's actual weaknesses - it just patches over serious problems with a quick fix. The best tutor will pinpoint exactly where the student is having issues, then work on weaknesses until there are no longer any issues.A student who doesn't understand the formula for polygon angles needs very different help from a student who makes mistakes in the algebraic portion of this question. If the tutor doesn't identify these weaknesses and address them, the student will find it very hard to improve her score. be my valentine (cc) by Martin Fisch, used under CC BY-SA 2.0. Disclaimer: We at PrepScholar do not guarantee that the best tutors will be immortalized in statue form. Effective SAT/ACT Math Tutors Will Customize Test Strategies To You The best tutors will understand optimal strategies and be able to teach them to students, customizing the strategies to a student's particular level. Read on for an example of two different strategy suggestions: one suggestion is for someone aiming for a 600 on the SAT or 27 on the ACT and the other is for someone aiming for a perfect score on the SAT/ACT). Students who are aiming for a 600 or a 27 or a can skip hardest 25% of questions and instead focus on easier ones. For more strategies like these, read our articles on how to improve low SAT Math Scores or low ACT Math scores. If you're aiming for the perfect score, on the other hand, you might need to take note of time management. Take a timed practice test, and if you run out of time, mark the questions you answer with extra time. Compare your scaled score with extra time with your realistic score (the score that only includes questions answered during the normal time period). If your score differs by more than 50 points (on the SAT) or 1 point (on the ACT), you have serious time management issues. Are you generally slow at math questions, or were there particular questions that slowed you down? For more time management tips and other strategies, read our articles on scoring an 800 in SAT Math or 36 in ACT Math. Actions To Take The best way to get a sense of any tutor’s teaching style is to get her to demonstrate how she’d explain the process of answering a difficult question. PROTIP: Pick out a question ahead of time that you previously missed and have had trouble with from a real SAT and use it every time, so you can compare the explanations of multiple tutors. I’ve also compiled a list of sample questions parents and students might want to ask potential tutors. Click to download the PDF, or click on the image below. Use the answers to these questions to assess how a tutor teaches and whether or not her particular teaching style and method will be effective for you. What’s Next? Curious about tutoring for the SAT/ACT Reading sections? If you haven’t already, read our guide to the most effective SAT/ACT Reading tutoring, as well as our article on the key qualities of an effective SAT/ACT tutor. What do tutors actually do during SAT/ACT Tutoring? Demystify the mystery with our explanation of what SAT/ACT tutoring involves here. Want to get serious about improving your SAT/ACT score? Our tutoring service is designed to be the most effective in the nation. We hire the best tutors from across the country. This is then paired with our exclusiveonline drillingprogramthat gives your tutor complete insight into your progress to design the most effective sessions. Think about what improving 160 points on your SAT, or 4 points on your ACT, can do for you. Learn more about tutoring now:

An analysis of an ad (SAMSUNG Galaxy S4) Assignment

An analysis of an ad (SAMSUNG Galaxy S4) - Assignment Example Being in agreement that the advertisement was successful, this paper will analyze ways in which the advertisement for the Samsung Galaxy S4 smart phone is memorable and how it has managed to achieve outstanding impacts. It will describe the buying process as the main theme and determine who the target market is as well as highlight the advertisement’s strong and weak points. Further, it will give recommendations on how the advertisement could have been improved to achieve even better results. To drive the buying process, advertisers need to look at factors that affect consumer behavior or, in other words, answer the question why consumers buy the things they buy. In that sense, the buying process suggests that consumers pass through distinctive phases before finally buying a product. First, they realize that they want or need the product, then seek information and evaluate other products within the similar range. After satisfactorily being convinced about the best available fr om the options, they may then make a purchase. Traditionally, advertisements for high technology smart phones have not always clearly communicated their benefits in a manner easily comprehensible by non-technical users. They are characterized by an assumption regarding the instinctive aspects and often overestimating the understanding levels of the market (Kotler & Kevin 2006, 69). However, the Samsung Galaxy S4 advertisement has managed to tie it to the original positioning of the company which has always been for humans. In the advertisement that runs for one minute, the marketers have managed to communicate how an ordinary user can take full advantage of the simple yet innovative technology. Their choice of a background song that is popularly known, from the four seasons, attracts and holds the attention of the audience as the key features of the gadget are screened in the form of short sentences. As has been shown by research, consumers purchase brands that they can easily devel op an emotional attachment to (Tirmizi, Rehman & Saif 2009, 529). Music is one of the best known ways to create emotion, and a key effect of the chosen song is that it promotes the ability of the advertisement to remain memorable. Even without human voice-over, this strategy communicates the phone’s basics that users need to know about the new phone. The advertisement is set in a background that can attract both emotional and environmental responses that shape buying behavior. Target Market From its attributes, the audience can quickly establish that the phone targets a wide range of market but emphasis can be placed on tech-savvy youth. The opening pop-up says the phone is slimmer but stronger, which immediately gives it both feminine and masculine characteristics. It is not discriminative in terms of gender. It claims to have unimaginable clarity, which when coupled with its extended memory of 64 gigabytes makes it appealing to a young generation that loves downloading and storing movies. Looking at the aspect of targeting a large range of a market, this aspect also sits well with regular travelers because they can also carry along their own entertainment regardless of age. This gives the advertisement its first strong point because it is apparent that the marketers did sufficient research and anticipated the needs of potential customers. They manage to create honest marketing

Expanding a U.S. based business (Shopko) into Scotland Essay

Expanding a U.S. based business (Shopko) into Scotland - Essay Example Edinburg is the capital town where the majority lives above middle class status. Geographically, the country is in the northern part of Great Britain, bordered on the Southern part by England. Most people live in the Central Lowland, which contain the three cities, Stirling, Glasgow, and Edinburgh and other large towns. Most of the other population lives in the north-eastern Lowlands in Dundee and Aberdeen. Inverness is the other populated city where majority lives and work there. The country has diverse climates ranging from temperate to tropical. However, the daytime maximum temperature in January and February is around 5 to 7 Â °C, but on rare occasions the temperature may increase to 15Â °C. Temperatures are cooler in Scotland than in Scotland. However, the country is cloudier than England because of its landscape from the Atlantic. Rainfall varies widely from 3, 000 mm per year to 800 mm in the Western Highlands and the East Cost respectively. English is the official language spoken, but some people speak different Scots dialects. The country has a strong culture that greatly influences the tourism industry. Scots are friendly, easy-going, and loving. Thus, there is no discrimination or cultural influence in the way business are conducted. The country’s economic development is largest based on the oil that remains an important element. Fishing and agriculture has also played a significant role in the country’s development. Compared to other countries, most people are living in the middle class income (Wilson, Murphy, & Lonely Planet Publications (Firm), 2008). Shopko Shopko is a company that has been growing tremendously for the past years. The reason for choosing this industry is because I work there and I have seen how the industry is important to international business. Shopko distributes various products such as clothing, jewellery, house wares, along with beauty and health products. The company has a superb reputation of referring to i ts employees from retail floor to the CEO as teammates. The company has established the need to break down barriers that hinder people to work as a team. To establish a strong teamwork, the company felt the need of referring to its employees as teammates regardless of their position. The management team works hard to collect informal feedbacks and customer surveys. The obtained feedbacks help the company to grow from one level of maturity to another. For instance, it helps in converting the first time clients to potential and frequent clients. For the past years, most clients have constantly affirmed that one of the main reasons they shop there regularly is because of the company’s ideal of friendliness and genuine teamwork. The management team and employee strive to make shopping at Shopko a more personal experience and friendly place. Specifically, feedbacks from teammates and comments posted on the social network sited confirm that Shopko is the ideal place to shop. Manage rial Implications To flourish in the tough economic times, the company should create brand ambassadors. The company should create a platform where employees are committed to the mission and understand the strategy of staying ahead of other competitors in the industry. Communication should be been the main ingredient that augments teamwork. The company shou

Student Satisfaction in Pakistani Universities Essay Example for Free

Student Satisfaction in Pakistani Universities Essay A Study on Student Satisfaction in Pakistani Universities: The Case of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan Muhammad Nauman Abbasi Lecturer, Institute of Management Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan E-mail: [emailprotected] edu. pk Ali Malik Senior Lecturer, Department of Accounting, Finance Economic University of Hertfordshire Business School, United Kingdom E-mail: m. a. 1. [emailprotected] ac. uk Imran Sharif Chaudhry (Corresponding author) Associate professor, Department of Economics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan E-mail: [emailprotected] edu. pk Muhammad Imdadullah Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Received: October 19, 2010 Abstract This study measures the level of student satisfaction with current services offered by Pakistani universities. The exploration and comparison of possible differences in terms of level of satisfaction across gender and various programs/disciplines formulate key objectives. General survey guided by well structured questionnaire through connivance sampling has been administered across a valuable sample of 401 students. Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) has been selected as sample case and data was collected from eighteen different disciplines and/or programs. Ten major constructs i. e. teaching, administrative/management support, transportation, library, computer labs general labs, accommodation, medical; sports, prayer/religious facilities, and class room facilities were used. Mean analysis reflect student dissatisfied with many core services facilities like teaching, administrative support, library, labs, accommodation, medical, and sports, while satisfaction has been reported only in three augmented areas like transportation, class room and prayer facilities. Quite interestingly, no significant differences of opinion have been recorded among male or female respondents. Overall, satisfaction level is alarming low and results indicate dissatisfaction of university students on educational services offered by Pakistani universities. Keywords: Students’  satisfaction, Higher education, University services 1. Introduction The aim of this paper is to determine satisfaction level of the students studying in Pakistani universities. As a matter of fact, student satisfaction has never been considered as an issue of importance by educational authorities nor regarded as a matter of survival by higher education institutions. This is evident form the fact that the impact of educational services provided by a university on the satisfaction level of its students has largely been an area Accepted: February 12, 2011 doi:10. 5539/ass. v7n7p209 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 209 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 7, No. 7; July 2011 that remains unexplored. Higher education institutions especially universities are like practice grounds where students learn and acquire all necessary skills and abilities that potential employers out there in job market sought. To ensure that this is the case, universities tend to bundle their offerings which includes; i). core services i. e. knowledge, intellectual abilities, interpersonal skills, and communication skills, ii). actual services i. e. degrees like undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate through regular teaching and research, and iii). augmented services including infrastructure i. e. building, transportation/logistics facilities, libraries, labs, computer labs, hostel/boarding facilities, medical, sports, and class room facilities coupled with administrative support. It can be convincingly argued that student satisfaction with tangible and intangible offering at universities is vital for them to acquire those skills and abilities that can satisfy needs of those next in the chain i.e. employers and society. In Pakistan, higher education institutions are under immense pressure since the establishment of Higher Education Commission (HEC). The HEC initiated reforms in 2002 providing universities with necessary resources like unlimited access of digital libraries, high speed internet and incredible range of local and international research scholarships programs. These reforms have changed the educational climate of the country while technology has helped to improve the range of teaching and learning tools. On one side the Commission is facilitating higher education institutions, and on the other side working for the enhancement of quality of education in the country. This double edge sword i. e. higher education expansion and high quality of higher education has spurred a drive to improve and enhance quality standards. Resultantly, this has created a distinct â€Å"sphere of opportunities†, simulated among students, teachers and the market. The authors are of the view that this sphere of opportunities, if follows the principle of quality, will leads to educational revolution in the country. In Pakistan, there are 124 universities of which 68 (55%) are in public sector, whereas 56 (45%) are in private sector. The total enrolment in the universities is 741,092 of which 637,037 (86%) is in public sector, whereas, 104,055 (14%) is in private sector. The total male enrolment in the universities is 398,967 (54%), whereas, the female enrolment is 342,125 (46%). The total teachers in the universities are 46,893, out of which 38,266 (82%) are in public and 8,627 (18%) are in private sector (Statistics, 2007-2008). Observing the facts, considerable students i. e. 741,092 have been enrolled during the academic year 2007-2008. The question underlying in this study is whether Pakistani students are satisfied with the academic, administrative, and logistics support provided by their respective higher education institution. To measure personal satisfaction of the university students, this study has been initiated to empirically measure the phenomenon taking Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (BZU) as case. 2. Literature Review Kotler et al. (2009, p.120) define satisfaction as ‘a person’s feeling of pleasure that result from comparing a product’s perceived performance (or outcome) to their expectation’. It means if the performance matches the expectation, the customer will be satisfied. In the context of higher education, the matter of satisfaction is what students expect from their educational institution, in fact, everything that makes them eligible to become productive and successful person in their practical lives. Reid (2008) has classified few basic characteristics that employers normally seek from university graduate. These include knowledge, intellectual abilities, ability to work in modern organizations, interpersonal skills, and communication skills (Reid, 2008). In addition, there are other invisible characteristics required by the market and that include: willingness to learn, be participative and positive to work in teams, problem solving skills, analytical abilities, leadership qualities, adaptability, flexibility, ability to summarize key issues, and last but not least the ability to be productive and loyal team/organizational member. The attainment of these skills and abilities is what parents expect when they decide to send their children for higher education in universities. The question under consideration here is if university graduates are provided necessary facilities that make their experience conducive and attainment of necessary skills and abilities possible. This is crucial not only to students’ individual success but the success of economy of the country on the whole as well. In this regard, Umbach and Porter (2002) argued that institutional impact on the students’ outcome is still unknown, and if anything is known, that is somewhat contradictory. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that different academic disciplines vary in term of their application of practical problems, cognitive processes, faculty time commitment and scholarly output. Hence, it is quite difficult to conclude institutional impact on students’ outcome. However, among the earlier researchers, Cameron and Ettington (1988) and Hartnett and Centra (1977) measured the impact of departmental culture and climate on students’ leaning and satisfaction. Much of the current knowledge on student satisfaction can be traced from studies during a period of unrest in the late 1960s and early 1970s (Betz et al.1970; Pervin, 1967). Interestingly, the focus of these early studies was the 210 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 7, No. 7; July 2011 level of satisfaction as opposed to cause of satisfaction (see for example, Bean and Bradley, 1986). In literature, there exists an interesting debate suggesting that students’ expectation build prior to enrolment in a college or university, while satisfaction exists during his/her stay in college or university. For example, Palacio et al. (2002) suggest that student expectation normally build even before entering the university. The image of an institution affects students’ mindset that in turn affects their decision to enroll in that particular institution that later on directly affects students’ satisfaction with the institution. However, Carey et al. (2002) stressed that satisfaction actually covers issues of students’ perception and experiences during their academic years. This has been supported by Kara (2004) who employed empirical data and conceptual model to prove that students’ college experience is positively related to their satisfaction and intentions to stay at college or university. Earlier, Keaveney and Clifford (1997) have presented students satisfaction and retention model. According to this model, faculty, advising staff and class room facilities normally shape student practical college experience and therefore considered key satisfaction and retention components. Researchers have also measured students’ satisfaction in context of many tangible and intangible elements and characteristics. For example, Feldman and Newcomb (1969) and Pascarella and Terenzini (1991) have explored relationship between student learning experiences and their learning, development and satisfaction. Pike (1994) and Pace (1979) have suggested alumni satisfaction as an excellent tool for assessing the effects of educational institution on students. Based on the studies of Pascarella and Terenzini (1991) and Umbach and Porter (2002), it is stated that intellectual and personal developments are among key satisfaction outcomes of educational institutions. Moreover, they found variables like faculty contact with students, research emphasis, and proportion of female students had significant impact on student satisfaction. Ewell (1989) has observed negative correlation between institutional culture and its impact on student performance. The contradiction exits in literature regarding relationship between grades and students satisfaction. Authors like Liu and Jung (1980) and Pike (1991) have observed moderate relationship, while Bean and Bradley (1986) found no relationship at all. However, Centra and Rock (1983) and Lavin (1965) observed significant relationship between grades and student satisfaction. On the other hand, limited attempts have been made to measure impact of gender, ethnicity, race, religion, and migrations from one educational institution to another, on student satisfaction. However, existing evidence reports less satisfaction among female students as compared to male students (for example, Rienzi et al. 1993). Numerous studies have addressed the issue of service quality and student satisfaction. For example, Fitri et al. (2008) have observed service quality dimension i. e. tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, and empathy as positive contributors towards student satisfaction. Some other authors like Bigne et al. (2003), Ham and Hayduk (2003) and Elliot and Shin (2002) have reported significant relationship between service quality i. e. service reliability, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, tangibility etc and satisfaction in higher education settings. Spreng and Mackoy (1996) reported that perceived service quality is an antecedent to satisfaction. Faculty continues to be the most significant influence on student experience and satisfaction in universities. In this regard, universities have adopted student evaluation of teaching effectiveness to enhance student satisfaction. Student evaluation of teaching (SET) is among the most frequently used performance measurement instruments used by higher education institutions across the world (Pounder, 2007; Stratton, 1990). Student evaluation of teaching (SET) questionnaire is a control device used to measure teaching effectiveness as stated by concerned students (Crumbley et al. 2001). Historically, a number of studies confirmed that student teaching evaluation has provided reasonably valid multidimensional measures (Holtfreter, 1991; Marsh Roche, 1997; McKeachie, 1987). The main aim of the SET is to measure the teaching performance/effectiveness of faculties at a university. Moreover, this technique is used in educational institutions to assess the capabilities and competencies of academic staff and as a result, assessment score depicts that on what basis students perceive their teachers in their minds that directly affects their satisfaction. In context of Pakistan, majority of the studies have focused on the ways to improve the quality of higher education, unfortunately, no significant study has probed the issue of student satisfaction. For example, Hanif et al. (2008) examine the use of balance scorecard to enhance accountability and performance in higher education institutions concluding that long-term vision through consistent performance evaluation is the key to enhance performance in higher education. Reid (2008), while making comparison between higher education in Scotland and Pakistan, highlighted industry as a source of evaluation parallel to internal evaluation system. Moreover, he suggested an increase in the number of PhD qualified teachers throughout the country. Owais and Akber (2008) commented how to improve research/PhD education in the country. Aurangzeb (2008) presented a work integrated learning model for students. The Model suggests the role of three key educational players i. e. students, higher education institutions, and industry to improve education and student satisfaction in the country. Hafeez Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 211 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 7, No. 7; July 2011 and Fatima (2008) have highlighted the importance of strategic partnership between universities and industry. They have presented a conceptual model with the focus to transform the kind and level of collaboration between universities and industry. Nasira et al. (2008) have presented comprehensive debate on the importance of international ranking and its impact on student mindset while selecting a college or university for higher education. They have suggested that college or university ranking should not be the only criteria to select any institution for higher education rather student must gather necessary other information before making final selection. From the existing literature, it is evident that there is a need to administer a systematic research to measure the important issue of student satisfaction in Pakistani universities. From literature, three different constructs i. e. teaching, administration/management, and support augmented facilities have been used as major variables to measure student satisfaction in this study. 3. Research Methodology As stated above, this study aims to measure student satisfaction in Pakistani universities. Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) in Multan has been selected as a sample case because the university is a public sector university and is currently offering a wide range of programmes of studies under various faculties at postgraduate and undergraduate levels. University has significant population (on board students) from neighboring countries as well. Six major faculties are playing pioneering role in spreading education across the country and act as catalysts for socio-economic development of the country. The faculties are: Faculty of Arts Social Sciences, Faculty of Islamic Studies Languages, Faculty of Commerce, Law Business Administration, Faculty of Science Agriculture, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Faculty of Engineering. Hence, the university was selected as sample case and data was collected from current students enrolled in eighteen different disciplines and/or programs representing both postgraduate and undergraduate levels. First construct under observation was ‘teaching’ that is considered a core activity at higher education institutions. Nineteen different variables were used to measure student satisfaction of this construct. The variables under observation were; teachers communication, lecture delivery skills (qualitative subjects), lecture delivery skills (quantitative subjects), research activities, nature of class assignments and tasks, examination and grading (quantitative subjects), examination and grading (qualitative subjects), examination procedures, teacher’s attitudes towards class, teacher’s respect for class, extra consultation, extra reading material, feedback on assignments, permanent senior teachers, permanent junior teachers, permanent male teachers, permanent female teachers, visiting male teachers, visiting female teachers. Second construct under observation was ‘administrative support’. In addition to teaching, administrative activities are necessary to facilitate the process of developing necessary skills and providing exposure to students in accordance with market demand. The administrative construct has been operationalize through eight different variables that were; behavior of head of department and programme  coordinators, behavior of clerical staff, administrative support of head of department and programme coordinators, administrative support of clerical staff, extracurricular activities, banking facilities, restaurant facilities at the campus, and prayer facilities. Third construct under observation was ‘augmented facilities’ and variables used to measure this were; transportation and logistics facilities, library, computer labs, general labs, student accommodation facilities, medical facilities, sport facilities, and class room facilities. All these concepts have been further probed through different variables like transportation and logistics has been measured through, availability of buses, route timings, and behavior of the drivers conductors. Satisfaction from library facility has been measured through seven different variables including availability of core text books, availability of supporting books, availability of research journals, availability of newspaper magazines, library timings, facilities at central library, behavior of the library staff. Next facility computer labs were measured through variables like availability of enough computers, internet availability and speed, behavior of lab attendants, computer labs timings, and availability of e-journals. Similarly, availability of required equipments, behavior of lab attendants, and lab timings were used to measure the satisfaction of the concerned students. To measure students satisfaction about hostel and boarding, four different variables were used, which are; availability condition of rooms, mess and dining, behavior of hostel staff, and overall study environment. In addition, medical facility was measured through different variables which are; availability of doctors, availability of medicines, availability of ambulances, and availability of emergency staff and medicines. Next concept sports facilities were measured through four different variables which are; availability of sports grounds, coaching facilities, availability of sports equipments and sport development opportunities. Last augmented facility under 212 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science. Vol. 7, No. 7; July 2011 observation was class room facilities, which have been measured through variables i. e. class size, class timings, availability of multimedia, air conditions, and furniture fixture. All variables were measured on Likert Scale of 1 to 4 where: 1 = extremely satisfied; 2 = satisfied; 3 = dissatisfied, and 4 = extremely dissatisfied. High value of Cronbach’s Alpha (0. 92) reflects high reliability of instrument. Table – 1, presents response rate as per programs/disciplines and gender. High response variations have been recorded across different faculties and programmes of studies. A total of four hundred and eighteen (418) responses were collected, however, seventeen (i. e. 4. 1%) were discarded because respondents have neither mentioned gender nor their programme of studies, therefore, the final sample size turns out to be four hundred and one (401). Of four hundred and one, 191 (45. 7%) respondents were male, while 210 were female i. e. 50. 2%. On the other hand, 218 (52. 2%) respondents were studying for undergraduate degree, while 183 (43.8%) were studying for postgraduate degree. Based on literature synthesis, well structured questionnaire have been formulated to know the satisfaction level of student studying in different programs at different levels. Undergraduate and postgraduate students currently enrolled in any semester of forty different departments were considered as unit of analysis. To make it a systematic process, researchers tried to manage an enrollment list (a sample frame) in all programmes of studies of all concerned departments. However, in some instances administrative staff refused to provide the list of students due to confidentiality issues. Resultantly, questionnaires get filled through non probability connivance sampling. Data have been collected from students enrolled during session Fall-2009. 4. Results Discussion The primary aim of this study was to measure student satisfaction in Pakistani Universities. The three construct used to do so were teaching, administrative support and augmented facilities. The first  construct applied was ‘teaching’ that is obviously a core activity in any education institution. Nineteen different variables were used to measure student satisfaction about teaching and related activities (please see section 3 of Table – 2, for detail). With the exception of few variables, overall mean values of the variables regarding this construct reflected student dissatisfaction of existing teaching methods and techniques. Mean values of different variables enhancing university student satisfaction are; teachers communication (mean value of 2.34), lecture delivery skills of qualitative subjects (mean value of 2. 48), examination procedures (mean value of 2. 50), teachers attitudes towards class (mean value of 2. 49), teachers respect for class (mean value of 2. 30). It is observed that several key areas need keen attention of faculty members, head of the departments, deans and vice chancellor. The areas are; lecture delivery skills of quantitative subjects (mean value of 3. 20), provision of feedback on assignments (mean value of 2. 59), number of permanent (full time) senior teachers (mean value of 2. 59), number of permanent (full time) junior teachers (mean value of 2. 57), research activities (mean value of 2. 96), nature of class assignments tasks (mean value of 3. 05), examination and grading of qualitative subjects (mean value of 2. 90), extra reading material (mean value of 3. 04), examination and grading of quantitative subjects (mean value of 2. 77), extra consultation time by teachers (mean value of 2. 74), permanent (full time) male teachers (mean value of 2.87), permanent (full time) female teachers (mean value of 2. 95), visiting (part time) male teachers (mean value of 2. 96), visiting (part time) female teachers (mean value of 3. 04). Results of mean analysis clearly reflect that students are largely dissatisfied with their teachers’ communication skills (language used for lecture). Moreover, to probe the satisfaction level of the university students with lecture delivery skill of their teachers, questions were included as per classification of curriculum i. e. quantitative qualitative courses. Students have unanimously declared that they are dissatisfied with the delivery skills of teachers of quantitative courses as compared to qualitative ones. Perhaps, this reflects positive attitude of Pakistani students towards qualitative subjects as compared to quantitative subjects; however, there is a need to improve delivery skills of teachers of quantitative courses. Moreover, as there is no visible difference of opinion among male and female students studying either at undergraduate or postgraduate levels, the results strengthen the above discussion. In addition, lesser satisfaction about research activities has been reported by undergraduate students as compared to postgraduate students, which validates the fact that strong research activities are normally required and conducted at higher level in Pakistani universities. However, mean analysis depicts that students are dissatisfied with the nature of research carried out in different disciplines. This situation is quite alarming for higher education authorities, particularly Higher Education Commission (HEC) who is striving for quality research in Pakistani universities. Quite interestingly, high dissatisfaction was reported by male respondents regarding nature of class assignments, supporting the view that teachers (in Pakistani universities) normally give easier tasks and assignments to female students which is gender discrimination by the teachers. Similarly, postgraduate Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 213 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 7, No. 7; July 2011 students are more dissatisfied with the nature of assignments as compared to undergraduate ones. Perhaps, this dissatisfaction is because of the fact that students failed to recognize visible differences in term of nature and quality of assignments they had performed during their undergraduate studies from the one they are doing during their postgraduate studies. Overall results regarding research activities invite serious attention of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan in general and management of the BZU University in particular. Lesser dissatisfaction with grading marking of quantitative courses as compared to qualitative ones endorses natural response and perhaps mature attitude of students. However, overall dissatisfaction on grading and marking reflects distrust on the assessment style of university teachers. On the other hand, satisfactory mean score on examination procedure reflects valuable trust on new measures taken by universities to enhance examination standards. In these variables, no visible difference of opinion has been reported among male and female students. The trust on examination procedure while distrust on grading marking reflects university commitment to enhance education standards while provoke serious thinking to do on the paper and coursework marking style of teachers. Next, the mean scores depict positive attitude of the teachers towards their classes. However, allocation of appropriate time for consultation has been reported as a dissatisfactory variable. The results are in fact conceivable, because of large population of students in Pakistani universities making it difficult to academic staff to allocate equal additional support for all students causing dissatisfaction at individual levels. Finally, it can be observed from the results that overall students are dissatisfied with academic faculties irrespective they are senior or junior, male or female and permanent or visiting. Similarly, dissatisfaction is quite high in respect of visiting faculty members which indicates distrust on pathetic recruitment policy of university. It is recommended that authorities must hire permanent teachers of high caliber with excellent academic competencies rather than relying on contract or visiting teaching staff. In this regard, new recruitment policy from Higher Education Commission (HEC) can bring about a positive change provided it is implemented with true spirit and monitored consistently. Moreover, if highly required, respective Deans and Head of the Department must ensure to hire highly qualified and experienced visiting teachers. A clear policy needs to be chalked out and implemented in this respect. Here it is worth mentioning that the sample case i. e. Bahauddin Zakariya university is situated in Southern Punjab. In this part of the country hiring high caliber, self-motivated and highly qualified individuals has always remained a challenging job for university management. This region is largely remote and most of the qualified individuals prefer living and working in metropolitan cities of Pakistan like Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. Secondly, BZU is a public sector university and can’t offer competitive salaries and financial incentives. Moreover, lack of motivation to work in a university, biased behavior of university management, extra work load without remuneration and limited training and personal development opportunities are among the key reasons restricting the entry of competent individuals in education sector. In addition to these, university is distantly located from city centre making it inconvenient for visiting faculty members to come all the way for few hours work and hence low level of interest is recorded. Moreover, university does not have an incentive plan in policy in place to attract high quality professionals to come to university. Second construct under observation were the ‘administrative support’. Individual mean analysis depicts that there some fundamental facilities are in place and are currently responsible for overall student satisfaction. These are; prayer facilities available at campus (mean value of 2. 18) and facilitation by university management for extracurricular activities (mean value of 2. 41). For these variables, no significant difference of opinion has been recorded among male and female students, as well as at level of studies i. e. undergraduate or postgraduate. It is quite interesting that branches of two well-reputed national banks are operative at campus, still surprisingly; students have reported dissatisfaction with the current banking facilities. On the other hand, behavior of the Chairman of department and Programme Coordinators (mean value of 2. 83), administrative support of Chairman and Coordinators (mean value of 3. 00), administrative support of clerical staff (mean value of 3. 27), overall mess and dinning facilities available at campus (mean value of 2. 76) are emerged as critical factors. In this regard, female students in particular have reported higher level of dissatisfaction with behavior and dealing of clerical staff which is astonishing as well as quite alarming. Results require immediate attention of university authorities and concrete steps need to be taken to improve the behavior of the administrative staff. It is also recommended that the relevant authorities must take proper measures to enhance the overall level of administrative support. Third construct under observation was ‘augmented facilities’ which was measured using following variables; transportation logistics facilities, library, computer labs, labs, hostel/boarding facilities, medical facilities, sport facilities, and class room facilities. Transportation Logistics facility have been measured through factors 214 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 7, No. 7; July 2011 like availability of buses (mean value of 2. 50), route timings (mean value of 2. 25), and behavior of the drivers conductors on buses (mean value of 2. 88). Overall mean values regarding transportation facilities reflect student satisfaction with the available transportation facilities offered by university. It is significant to note that the behavior of bus drivers conductors are somewhat problematic to student satisfaction. In this regard, male students seem to be more dissatisfied with the behavior of bus staff as compared to female students.

Raymond Carvers Neighbors Essay -- Raymond Carver

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Neighbors† the speaker’s attention seems to be more directed on the Bill and Arlene Miller. The Millers are a married couple who were once a happy couple but as the years went along they felt grew apart. It seems as though they are too busy comparing their lives to the Harriet and Jim Stone, which are their neighbors, that they don’t have time to fix their marriage. The Stones do what married people should do and that’s â€Å"go out for dinner, or entertaining at home, or traveling about the country somewhere†¦(70).† The Millers are given the responsibility of looking after the Stones apartment for ten days, while they are on a pleasure trip. During these ten days they have to feed their Kitty, and water the plants. Because of this particular event the Millers, who se...

Importance Of Note Taking In Colleges Education Essay

IntroductionNote-taking is a really of import larning tool in college schoolroom. Boyd ( 2004 ) found that pupils who take notes perform better on tests than pupils who merely highlight text. Most teachers besides wonder whether supplying press releases to pupils is truly utile for pupils or non. A study by Isaacs in 1994 shows that 43 % of academic staff frequently or ever use press releases in the schoolroom, and they feel that press releases help pupils to take notes and let them to listen and take part more in talk. The issue of note taking makes college professors use presentation package, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and its related press releases. Although Microsoft PowerPoint is more popular in colleges, it besides has negative impact on instruction and acquisition. For case, Tufte ( 2003 ) argues that PowerPoint and other presentation package have reduced the quality of presentations and represent hapless teaching method. This paper presents two surveies which determine if supplementing Microsoft PowerPoint lectures with press releases of the slides improve test-taking public presentation in an undergraduate homo development class. In the first survey, it was expected that pupils who received the press releases would execute significantly better on tests than pupils who did non. Students were surveyed about their usage of the PowerPoint press releases and perceptual experiences of the grade to which the notes helped with exam public presentation. The 2nd survey assessed the acquisition manners of pupils in order to find whether the acquisition manners with PowerPoint presentation press releases may impact pupil larning results. It looked at the three acquisition manners: lingual, visual-spatial, and bodily-kinesthetic.MethodFor the first survey in the autumn semester, pupils in two subdivisions of an upper degree Human Development class at a little Midwestern university participated in the current survey. Each subdivision had 50 pupils who were demographically similar across subdivisions. In the autumn semester, the class was divided into tierces, with an test given at the terminal of each 3rd. Students were required to take one of the first two noncumulative tests, but the lower class of the two was non computed into the concluding class. The concluding cumulative test was required of all pupils. At the beginning of category, Section 1 pupils were given hard-copy press releases to attach to the Power Point lectures for the 2nd test and the concluding ; they were instructed non to demo these press releases to pupils from Section 2. Section 2 pupils were given the press releases for the concluding tierce of the semester merely. In the spring survey, the process of the survey was similar to the autumn semester. However, pupils in both subdivisions were asked to look into as many points in the checklist of Multiple Intelligences Inventory for grownups ( Harper, 2005 ; Lazear, 1991 ) , wh ich characterized the ways they learned stuff.ConsequencesFor both surveies, there were no important differences between the two subdivisions on the trial scores with the usage of the PowerPoint press releases. As clearly seen, the average test mark of the pupils given PowerPoint press releases is rather similar to the average test mark of the pupils without PowerPoint press releases.Survey Results and Qualitative AnalysesResponses to the study show most pupils ( 79 % ) used the notes for analyzing for the concluding, 21 % were really attentive to the PowerPoint projections along with the notes, 25 % indicated that they had paid a batch of attending to the talk along with the press releases, and 39 % often wrote extra notes on the press releases. Similar to the autumn semester survey, the spring semester pupils were for the most portion rather positive about having the press releases, as 75 % indicated that the press releases were by and large helpful, 75 % felt that they were utile in fixing for trials, and 50 % indicated that the press releases improved their hearing to the talks.DiscussionSome findings show that the function of presentation press releases is truly utile for pupils to heighten the trial public presentation, but some do non. Although the findings seem to be strong, many factors to measure the usage of this instruction technique. One factor is class content which may act upon the acquisition results in categories utilizing PowerPoint. Another is that the consequence that PowerPoint slides has on larning results is non matched by studentsaa‚Â ¬a„? intuitive beliefs. Finally, the format of press releases does non supply complete sets of notes for pupils. Future research should analyze such teacher effects in the usage of PowerPoint press releases, every bit good as whether PowerPoint slides may be more effectual for certain class content and non others. In some respects, the usage of presentation package in the college schoolroom is one of those old contentions encased in new technological wrapper. Yet, it forces those of us who are actively involved in bettering instruction and acquisition in higher instruction to joint our premises and beliefs about what happens in and out of the schoolroom. To that terminal, there decidedly is something to be gained in the continued usage of the package and empirical geographic expedition of its effects.MentionsBoyd, C. H. ( 2004, May ) . Comparison of foregrounding and note-taking during a PowerPoint talk on trial public presentation. Poster session presented at the one-year meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago, IL. Harper, W.S. ( 2005 ) . Course stuffs for Plant and Soil Science. Unpublished papers, University of Vermont. Retrieved October 1, 2005 from hypertext transfer protocol: //pss.uvm.edu/pss162/learning_styles.html Isaacs, G. ( 1994 ) . Lecturing patterns and note-taking intents. Surveies in Higher Education, 19, 203-217. Lazear, D. ( 1991 ) . Seven ways of cognizing. Teaching for Multiple Intelligences ( 2nd edition ) . Palatine, IL: Skylight Publication. Noppe, I. , Achterberg, J. , Duquaine, L. , Huebbe, M. & A ; Williams, C. ( 2007 ) . PowerPoint presentation press releases and college pupil larning results [ Electronic version ] . International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 1 ( 1 ) . From hypertext transfer protocol: //www.georgiasouthern.edu/ijsotl Tufte, E. R. ( 2003 ) . The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint. Cheshire, Connecticut: Artworks Press LLC.IntroductionNote-taking is a really of import larning tool in college schoolroom. Boyd ( 2004 ) found that pupils who take notes perform better on tests than pupils who merely highlight text. Most teachers besides wonder whether supplying press releases to pupils is truly utile for pupils or non. A study by Isaacs in 1994 shows that 43 % of academic staff frequently or ever use press releases in the schoolroom, and they feel that press releases help pupils to take notes and let them to listen and take part more in talk. The issue of note taking makes college professors use presentation package, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and its related press releases. Although Microsoft PowerPoint is more popular in colleges, it besides has negative impact on instruction and acquisition. For case, Tufte ( 2003 ) argues that PowerPoint and other presentation package have reduced the quality of presentations and represent hapless teaching method. This paper presents two surveies which dete rmine if supplementing Microsoft PowerPoint lectures with press releases of the slides improve test-taking public presentation in an undergraduate homo development class. In the first survey, it was expected that pupils who received the press releases would execute significantly better on tests than pupils who did non. Students were surveyed about their usage of the PowerPoint press releases and perceptual experiences of the grade to which the notes helped with exam public presentation. The 2nd survey assessed the acquisition manners of pupils in order to find whether the acquisition manners with PowerPoint presentation press releases may impact pupil larning results. It looked at the three acquisition manners: lingual, visual-spatial, and bodily-kinesthetic.MethodFor the first survey in the autumn semester, pupils in two subdivisions of an upper degree Human Development class at a little Midwestern university participated in the current survey. Each subdivision had 50 pupils who were demographically similar across subdivisions. In the autumn semester, the class was divided into tierces, with an test given at the terminal of each 3rd. Students were required to take one of the first two noncumulative tests, but the lower class of the two was non computed into the concluding class. The concluding cumulative test was required of all pupils. At the beginning of category, Section 1 pupils were given hard-copy press releases to attach to the Power Point lectures for the 2nd test and the concluding ; they were instructed non to demo these press releases to pupils from Section 2. Section 2 pupils were given the press releases for the concluding tierce of the semester merely. In the spring survey, the process of the survey was similar to the autumn semester. However, pupils in both subdivisions were allowed to look into as many points in the checklist of Multiple Intelligences Inventory for grownups ( Harper, 2005 ; Lazear, 1991 ) , which characterized the ways they learned stuff.ConsequencesFor both surveies, there were no important differences on the trial scores with the usage of the PowerPoint press releases. Table 1 shows the average test tonss for two subdivisions of the class. As clearly seen, the average test mark of the pupils given PowerPoint press releases is rather similar to the average test mark of the pupils without PowerPoint press releases.Survey Results and Qualitative AnalysesResponses to the study show most pupils ( 79 % ) used the notes for analyzing for the concluding, 21 % were really attentive to the PowerPoint projections along with the notes, 25 % indicated that they had paid a batch of attending to the talk along with the press releases, and 39 % often wrote extra notes on the press releases. Similar to the autumn semester survey, the spring semester pupils were for the most portion rather positive about having the press releases, as 75 % indicated that the press releases were by and large helpful, 75 % felt that they were utile in fixing for trials, and 50 % indicated that the press releases improved their hearing to the talks.DiscussionSome findings show that the function of presentation press releases is truly utile for pupils to heighten the trial public presentation, but some do non. Although the findings seem to be strong, many factors to measure the usage of this instruction technique. One factor is class content which may act upon the acquisition results in categories utilizing PowerPoint. Another is that the consequence that PowerPoint slides has on larning results is non matched by studentsaa‚Â ¬a„? intuitive beliefs. Finally, the format of press releases does non supply complete sets of notes for pupils. Future research should analyze such teacher effects in the usage of PowerPoint press releases, every bit good as whether PowerPoint slides may be more effectual for certain class content and non others. In some respects, the usage of pres entation package in the college schoolroom is one of those old contentions encased in new technological wrapper. Yet, it forces those of us who are actively involved in bettering instruction and acquisition in higher instruction to joint our premises and beliefs about what happens in and out of the schoolroom. To that terminal, there decidedly is something to be gained in the continued usage of the package and empirical geographic expedition of its effects.